Systems and methods for delivering goods

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods are provided for delivering containers filled with goods (such as groceries and foodstuffs). According to embodiments of the invention, a delivery order is taken from a customer for a set of goods; the set of goods ordered by the customer are packed in a container; the container with the stored goods is transported to the residence of the customer; and the container is locked to a docking station at the residence of the customer. Thereafter, using a key, the customer may unlock the container and remove the ordered goods from the container. Additional embodiments for facilitating the delivery and ordering of goods are also provided.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] I. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to systems and methods fordelivering goods to customers. More specifically, the present inventionrelates to systems and methods for delivering goods to the residences ofcustomers and, additionally, to delivery systems and methods in whichgoods are delivered in containers that suitable for storing a wide rangeof goods.

[0003] II. Background and Material Information

[0004] Delivering goods to the residence of a customer is a convenientservice for customers. Home delivery represents an opportunity for thesupplier of the goods to provide an extra service, promoting supplierrecognition and goodwill, and increasing overall turnover and profit.

[0005] As home computers and the use of the Internet have become morecommonplace, ordering goods and paying for them from home have becomemore convenient for customers worldwide. Electronic ordering of goodsand payment before dispatch of the goods is also convenient and can beprofitable for the supplier.

[0006] However, the range of goods suitable for home delivery is limitedby a number of factors, including the perishability of the goods, theintrinsic value of the goods, the security aspects of leaving the goodsunattended at the home and the cost of delivery. For many goods, homedelivery is only practicable at a specified time when it is known thatthe customer or a household member of the customer will be able toaccept delivery. Thus, the customer or a household member of thecustomer is obliged to be at home for an extended period of time toawait for the arrival of the delivery.

[0007] Currently, unattended delivery of food products and other goodswith particular temperature requirements is not feasible, unless theproperty of the customer is equipped with a refrigerator or freezerwhich is accessible from outside.

[0008] In addition, home deliveries of goods requiring the customer'ssignature (for example, for the delivery of valuable and/or confidentialgoods) are currently practicable only with attended deliveries.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Embodiments consistent with the present invention provide systemsand methods for delivering goods to customers.

[0010] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a method isprovided for delivering goods that comprises: taking a delivery orderfrom a customer for a set of goods, the delivery order including adelivery address of the customer; packing the set of goods ordered bythe customer in a container; transporting the container with the storedgoods to the delivery address of the customer; and locking the containerto a docking station at the delivery address of the customer.

[0011] Optionally, the delivery address may correspond to the residenceor home of the customer. Further, the delivery order may be for a widearray of goods, including groceries or foodstuffs.

[0012] According to another embodiment of the invention, a system isprovided for delivering goods to the residence of a customer. The systemmay include a container that is adapted to store a wide array ofproducts, including food products, and a docking station that isprovided outside of the residence of the customer. Optionally, thecontainer may include a locking device to permit the container to belocked to the docking station by a delivery person, then unlocked by thecustomer to permit emptying of the goods, and later removed from thedocking station by the delivery person to permit the return of theemptied container.

[0013] In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, methodsare provided for permitting customers to order goods that are deliveredto customers at a predetermined time in the future.

[0014] According to yet additional embodiments of the invention, methodsare provided for administering, managing and processing financial datarelated to the delivery of goods to customers.

[0015] Embodiments of the invention address issues related to thedelivery of perishable goods, such as groceries and other food products.Embodiments of the invention also address the issues of unattendeddelivery and receipt acknowledgement of valuable or important goods,which are too bulky to pass through the letterbox of most houses.Examples include legal documents, or other packages which are normallydelivered by recorded delivery, with the recipient's signature beingrequired as proof of delivery.

[0016] In addition, embodiments of the present invention enable theprovision of goods, including but not restricted to groceries, delivereddirect to the consumer, at prices comparable with, and capable of beinggenuinely lower than, general supermarket prices. Embodiments of theinvention can significantly reduce the supply chain and costs associatedtherewith by removing the “bricks and mortar” supermarket with itsassociated storage and display costs.

[0017] Moreover, consistent with embodiments of the invention, customerscan be invited to “buy forward”, committing today to buy (and payingtoday), for delivery up to a few weeks in the future. The planning andlogistical advantage this gives to the manufacturer and retailer makedeep price cuts possible without reducing profit margin. It also removesfrom manufacturers the risk of being penalized by supermarket customersfor supplying discounted goods to a smaller customer (the home deliveryretailer). The manufacturer's supply prices remain in line with thebuying power of the retailer customer, and the home delivery retailercan genuinely afford to offer lower retail prices because ofefficiencies in the supply chain.

[0018] Embodiments of the invention also provide interactive display andselling techniques for use with the Internet. Such techniques include aconversion process (“Why did you not buy?”) that is designed principallyto convert waverers into customers, and a bargaining process (“How muchwould you be prepared to pay for this item?”) to gather information onhow an offer could be made more appealing to customers.

[0019] Further, systems and methods consistent with the inventioninclude interactive pricing methods. Such methods may be provided toreintroduce the practice of bargaining into the otherwise fixed priceregime of the modern supermarket.

[0020] For example, consistent with embodiments of the invention, avariable delivery charge method may be provided. According to suchmethods, the charge for delivery may be shown on the screen as thecustomer compiles a shopping list on-line. Goods which are efficient todeliver by container (for example, by virtue of being compact inrelation to their price), or undemanding in their temperaturerequirements, trigger a reduction in the delivery charge as they areadded to the shopping cart. Additionally, goods which have the oppositecharacteristics may be neutral in their effect on the delivery charge,or may even increase it.

[0021] Examples of other interactive pricing methods include rollovercashback methods. For instance, consistent with embodiments of theinvention, rollover cashback methods may be provided. According to suchmethods, as the shopping list is complied on-line by a customer, theaccumulated cashback is displayed on the screen to the customer. Theaccumulated cashback may represent money which can be set against thenext order placed by the customer.

[0022] Moreover, consistent with additional embodiments of theinvention, the above-described price reductions may be made visiblebefore the customer passes through the checkout, and can be varied bythe customer to achieve maximum advantage.

[0023] Systems consistent with embodiments of the invention may also beadapted to permit the virtual trial of goods, such as clothes, by thecustomer before deciding whether to buy. For example, using existingcomputer-aided design technology, the customer can enter his or herphysical measurements, optionally with a photograph. Selecting a garmentfrom the choice displayed on the supplier's Web site can give a visualdemonstration of the fit and appearance of the garment as actually wornby the customer.

[0024] Consistent with embodiments of the invention, systems may beprovided to facilitate the delivery of goods to the residence of acustomer. Such systems may include: a docking station permanentlyattached to the property of a customer; and a set of lockable boxes thatcan be locked to the docking station. The lockable boxes may be adaptedto store goods delivered to the customer and may have different sizes.

[0025] Optionally, the lockable boxes may be made of a robust butreasonably lightweight material, such as a thermo-plastic orpaper/thermo-plastic composite. The lockable boxes may include anexpanded or foam layer for cushioning the goods to be packed in the box.Further, the combined weight of the box and contents may be restrictedto a predetermined weight limit (such as a weight not to exceed 25kilograms) to comply with manual lifting legislation in most countries.

[0026] Each lockable box may also include a lock, such as a combinationlock that is mechanical and/or electronic in construction. The lock maybe operated by a code which is made available only to a customer orperson telephoning from the delivery address. Additionally, each box mayinclude a feature such as the removable tamper-evident seal, the purposeof which is to prevent anyone other than the intended recipient of thegoods from removing the packed and locked box from the docking station.

[0027] Consistent with embodiments of the invention,receipt-acknowledged delivery systems and methods may also be provided.According to such systems and methods, the customer registers with thecarrier or supplier of the goods for home delivery. The registration mayinclude a unique identification code, such as the customer's telephonenumber. The carrier or supplier arranges for a docking station, to beattached to the customer's property. The docking station may be attachedto an external door, which may be provided with a hole to allow accessto the lock from inside the property, or it may be as a docking stationlocated on the exterior wall of the property. The goods are packed inone of the secure boxes or containers of an appropriate size. Each boxis locked with a code, which is recorded in the customer's details, butnot on any of the documentation notifying the customer of delivery. Thedocumentation, or the parcel itself, may be marked with a code, such asan order or delivery number.

[0028] Further, in such receipt-acknowledged delivery systems andmethods, the box is delivered to the customer's address, and locked tothe docking station. Notification of the delivery may be posted throughthe letterbox (or the package could be handed to someone at thecustomer's home, with no need to wait for a signature). The customerreleases the box or container from the docking station (for example,from inside the property if the appropriate docking/locking station isfitted). The customer then telephones the registration number. The codeto unlock the container is then released on recognition of thecustomer's telephone number or other unique recognition code, and by thecustomer quoting or keying in the order or delivery number.Simultaneously, receipt of the goods in the package is recorded. Thecustomer opens the container, removes the goods, and then closes thecontainer. Having unlocked the box, the feature that prevented thedelivery person's key from removing the box from the docking point isremoved. This permits the delivery person to remove the empty box duringa subsequent visit.

[0029] Alternatively, consistent with embodiments of the invention, ifthe container is to be used for the return of goods (for example,clothes supplied on a “sale or return” basis), then the container can bere-sealed, with the tamper-evident tag (supplied with the goods) andplaced back on the docking station. The customer telephones the supplierto say that goods are being returned and the driver is issued with aduplicate of the customer's key for only that shift in which thecontainer with the returned goods is to be collected.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order that the embodiments of the invention may more readilybe understood, a description is now given, by way of example only, withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0031]FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary container for the storage anddelivery of goods, consistent with embodiments of the invention;

[0032]FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary tray of acontainer for storing frozen food goods;

[0033]FIG. 2b is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary tray of acontainer for storing chilled food goods;

[0034]FIG. 2c is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary tray of acontainer for storing hot food goods;

[0035]FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary tray of the typeof FIG. 2a;

[0036]FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary container of the type of FIG. 1that is ready for transport;

[0037]FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary empty docking station at aresidence, consistent with embodiments of the invention;

[0038]FIG. 6 is view of an exemplary container of the type of FIG. 1that is secured to a docking station, consistent with embodiments of theinvention;

[0039]FIG. 7a illustrates an exemplary docking station of the type ofFIG. 5 and part of a container of the type of FIG. 1 in exploded view;

[0040]FIG. 7b illustrates the exemplary docking station of FIG. 7a inthe closed mode;

[0041]FIG. 7cis a cross-sectional view of the exemplary docking stationof FIG. 7a and a part of a container of the type of FIG. 1 as seen fromabove;

[0042]FIG. 8a illustrates profiles of exemplary keys of a customer and adelivery person, respectively;

[0043]FIGS. 8b and 8 c illustrate different views of an exemplary lockmechanism, consistent with embodiments of the invention;

[0044]FIG. 8d illustrates the interior of an exemplary docking station,consistent with embodiments of the invention;

[0045]FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary stack support for trays of thetype of FIG. 3;

[0046]FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary stack support of the type of FIG.9 that is locked to a docking station;

[0047]FIG. 11a is a perspective view of part of an exemplary tray,consistent with embodiments of the invention;

[0048]FIGS. 11b, 11 c and 11 d are cross-sectional views of exemplarytrays of the type of FIG. 11a in different modes of use;

[0049]FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary security box, consistent withembodiments of the invention;

[0050]FIG. 13 illustrates the exemplary security box of FIG. 12 securedto a docking station;

[0051]FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the exemplary box of FIG. 12 at thedocking station shown in FIG. 13;

[0052]FIGS. 15a and 15 b are exemplary flowcharts of supply chaindelivery methods, consistent with embodiments of the invention.

[0053]FIG. 16 is an exemplary graph illustrating the number of packsneeded to maintain the temperature inside a container for differentoutside temperatures; and

[0054]FIG. 17 is an exemplary graph associated with a pricing method,consistent with embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Embodiments consistent with the present invention may utilize acontainer for facilitating the delivery of goods to customers. FIG. 1illustrates an exemplary container 1 for storing and delivering goods.The dimensions of container 1 may be set according to a number offactors, including the type or size of goods to be stored therein anddelivery requirements or restrictions. By way of a non-limiting example,container 1 may have a height of approximately 1 meter, a width ofapproximately 0.6 meters (such that it can readily fit through astandard door width) and a depth of approximately 0.5 meters. Container1 may be constructed from numerous materials, such as a low densitypolyethylene or a high density polyethylene plastics material. As willbe apparent to those skilled in the art, other materials may be used toconstruct the container.

[0056] In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, container 1 includes avertical closure panel 2, which slides downwardly along vertical flanges3 extending down both sides and along the top of container 1. Container1 also supports a set of trays 4 (by way of example, four trays areillustrated in FIG. 1), each tray having a runner 5 (see FIGS. 2a, 2 b,2 c and 3) to engage with a co-operating horizontal static runner on theinterior of container 1. The trays 4 may be used to store a wide rangeof goods, such as groceries and foodstuffs.

[0057] Any one or more of the four trays 4 may have a thermallyinsulating liner 6 formed of a base section 7 and lid 8. If the tray 4and liner 6 is to contain frozen foodstuff, then an eutectic plate 9 maybe provided on the bottom interior of base 7 and another eutectic plate9 may be provided on the top of the frozen foodstuffs. FIG. 2aillustrates an exemplary tray 4 for storing frozen food goods.Consistent with embodiments of the invention, each eutectic plate 9 maycontain a solution of sodium chloride.

[0058] Trays 4 may also be adapted for storing chilled groceries. FIG.2b, for example, illustrates an exemplary tray 4 for storing chilledfood goods. When a tray (such as the exemplary tray 4 of FIG. 2b ) is tocontain chilled foodstuffs, then plates containing ice (at or about −1°C.) may be used instead of eutectic plates 9.

[0059] Trays 4 may also be adapted for storing warm or hot groceries.FIG. 2c, for example, illustrates an exemplary tray 4 for storing warmor hot food goods. When a tray (such as the exemplary tray 4 of FIG. 2c)is to contain warm or hot foodstuffs, then plates 11 of latent heatparaffin may be used instead of eutectic plates 9.

[0060] Consistent with embodiments of the invention, container 1 may beadapted to contain a number of trays 4 of different temperatureconditions. In such cases, any tray 4 that contains frozen foodstuffsmay be positioned at or near the bottom of the container, and any tray 4that contains hot foodstuffs may be positioned at or near the top of thecontainer so that the temperature distribution is such that increasingtemperature increases with height.

[0061] Thus, insulated liner 6 of container 1 may be used, together withtemperature control packs or plates 9, 10 and/or 11, to maintain foodproducts at particular or required temperatures. As will be apparent tothose skilled in the art, the required temperature is determined basedon the nature of the food. For example, typically frozen food is kept at−21° C. to −18° C., chilled food is kept at 0° C. to +5° C., and hotfood is kept above +63° C.

[0062] For home delivery of groceries, it is convenient to pick and packthe order, deliver it to the customer's home, and for the goods then notto require unpacking and transfer to the customer's fridge or freezerfor a few hours. Using a container consistent with embodiments of thepresent invention, a storage time may be provided of at least 24 hoursat the required temperature for chilled or frozen food. Further, for hotfood products, storage times are generally less, because most food losesquality if kept hot for long periods.

[0063] Consistent with embodiments of the invention, the container 1 mayprovide sufficient thermal insulation to hinder the flow of heat into orout of the food, and include temperature control packs or platescontaining a suitable phase-change material (PCM) which changes phase ator near the required temperature for the food.

[0064] Heat flowing into or out of container 1 is taken up or lost bythe phase-change material as latent heat, resulting in a change of phaseof some of the material, without significant change in temperature. Onlywhen all the phase-change material has changed phase will further heattransfer result in a change in temperature.

[0065] By way of non-limiting examples, suitable phase-change materialsfor container 1 include: eutectic solution of sodium chloride (23% w/w,changes phase at −21° C.); water (0° C.); and latent heat paraffins (forinstance, a normal-paraffinic hydrocarbon with 30 carbon atoms in themolecule melts at approx 65° C.). The phase-change material may becontained within a leak-proof container. The phase-change material isnot intended to come into contact with food, but must still benon-toxic.

[0066] The rate of flow of heat (Q) is given by the equation: Q=λAdT/dx, where λ is the thermal conductivity, A is the cross-sectionalarea, and dT/dx is the temperature/thickness gradient. For an insulatedtray 6 as described above, the product λA has to be determined bymeasurement of the box itself, rather than from literature ortheoretical values. Once the behavior of the box has been established,it is possible to calculate the amount of phase-change material (ornumber of packs) needed to maintain the temperature inside the box for24 hours for different ambient (external) temperatures. An exemplarygraph illustrating the number of packs needed to maintain thetemperature inside the box for 24 hours for different ambienttemperatures is provided in FIG. 16.

[0067] In accordance with embodiments of the invention, the weatherforecast may be taken into account when packing the goods. For instance,the forecast temperature for the next 24 hours may be used to determinethe number of phase-change material packs placed in the insulated boxwith the food goods.

[0068] By way of a non-limiting example, for a tray 4 with a liner madeof expanded polystyrene, a wall thickness of approximately 5 centimetersis practical and suitable for frozen foods, and a wall thickness ofapproximately 2.5 centimeters for chilled foods. The weight of thephase-change material packs can be substantial, but there need be noproblem with lifting a container 1 as it may be provided with two wheels15 (see FIG. 1).

[0069] As illustrated in FIG. 3, an individual tray 4 may include acover 12 for covering the top opening of the tray. Cover 12 may beprovided with a tamper-evident seal 13 to detect tampering or unwantedremoval of cover 12. Seal 13 may be formed with a plastic click taband/or a lock along one of the edges including one of the runners 5, asshown in FIG. 3.

[0070] Once the trays 4 are filled with goods and the closure panel 2has been slid into place, a tamper-evident tab 14 is activated so thatthe container 1 is now sealed ready for transport and delivery, asillustrated in FIG. 4. As indicated above, container 1 has two wheels 15along a lower edge to enable the container to be readily moved by adelivery person.

[0071]FIG. 5 is a view of an exemplary empty docking station 16. Dockingstation 16 may be provided at the delivery address or residence of acustomer. As illustrated in FIGS. 7a and 7 c, docking station 16 maycomprise a base plate 17, secured by four large masonry screws 18 to awall 19 of the customer's residence. Docking station 16 may also includetwo protruding latching members 20, 21 each with a hooked end 22, 23,respectively. Additionally, docking station 16 may be provided with ahinged cover 24 with a lock 25, a keyhole 26 and a viewing hole 27 (seeFIGS. 7a, 7 b and 7 c).

[0072] When container 1 is positioned at docking station 16 (see, forexample, FIG. 6), the top edge of the upper rim 28 of closure panel 2and the top edge of flange 3 is placed against base plate 17 such thatlatching members 20, 21 pass through apertures 29, 30 in the flange 3 ofcontainer 1 and apertures 31 and 32 of the rim 28. Thereafter, hingedcover 24 is closed over the flange 3 allowing the spring-loaded latches71, 72 to engage behind the latching members 20, 21. Flange 3 and rim 28are sealed together by tamper-evident seal 14, the body 33 of the sealprotruding from flange 3. Now that the cover is closed, the connectingrod 73 connecting the lock body 69 to latch 72 rests against the sealbody 33. Clockwise rotation of the key in the lock is now impossiblebecause downward motion of the connecting rod is prevented (see FIG.7c). Connecting rod 74 extends between lock body 69 and latch 71.

[0073] By way of a non-limiting example, FIG. 7b shows the dockingstation 16 with cover 24 closed over the upper rim of panel 2 and theupper edge of container 1 and locked in position. Further, FIG. 7cis across-sectional view of the docking station 16 when seen from above withcontainer 1 attached.

[0074] As indicated above, docking station 16 may be provided with alock 25. Keys may be issued to a customer and a delivery person tooperate lock 25. For instance, FIG. 8a illustrates exemplary profiles ofkeys 40, 41 for the customer and the delivery person, respectively. Inaccordance with embodiments of the invention, customer key 40 may beadapted to work in both the clockwise direction (to lock) andcounter-clockwise direction (to unlock) the container provided at thedocking station of the customer's residence. In contrast, the deliveryperson's key 41 may be a master key that can operate all locks of alldocking stations in a given area, but key 41 may only be able to provideclockwise action to lock a container to a docking station.

[0075] Providing lock 25 with dual-lock action makes use of locktechnology to limit the possibility of theft of the contents of thecontainer 1 while the box is locked to the customer's property, andbefore it is opened and emptied by the customer.

[0076] In past attemtps, the delivery person was issued with a masterkey for all the containers locks in his or her area. Each customer wouldbe issued with a key unique to his or her lock. The possibility existed,however, that the driver's key would in time be lost or stolen, or anunauthorized copy made, and the security of a large number of lockswould be compromised.

[0077] Embodiments consistent with the present invention prevent thisdrawback by introducing a feature which affects the action of the lockin such a way as to distinguish between a container before it has beenopened by the customer and after it has been so opened (i.e., between afull and an empty container).

[0078] In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the lock maybe opened by clockwise action of both the driver's master key 41, and bythe customer's unique key 40. As illustrated in FIG. 8a, the customer'skey 40 may be provided with a longer shaft, with further levers at thedistal end, which are needed to open the lock in the counterclockwisedirection.

[0079] As indicated above, container 1 may be sealed with one or moretamper-evident disposable tags 14. Tags 14 may be inserted through holesin the container 1 and closure panel 2. One of the tags 14 may beprovided at the top flange of container 1, in an area which engages withthe docking station. This tag may include a body 33 (made of, forexample, plastic) which stands proud of container 1, and projects intothe locking area, just to the right and slightly below, lock 25. Thelock has a cam on its inner end, and projecting to the right.

[0080] The delivery person can open an empty docking station with themaster key 41, by turning the key clockwise. When a sealed, andtherefore full, container 1 is locked to the docking station 16, the camis obstructed by the body 33 of the tag, and the lock is prevented fromworking in the clockwise direction. The master key 41 is thereforeineffective, only the customer's key 40 can now release the box. Oncethe tag 33 has been removed, there is no obstruction to clockwise actionof the lock, so the delivery person is able to remove an empty container1 by using the master key 41.

[0081]FIGS. 8b, 8 c and 8 d illustrates examples of how docking station16 and the above-described lock mechanism work, with the hinged coverplate 24 closing to grip the rim of the container between the cover andbase plate 17. The cam 150 inside the docking station 16 engages theremovable tamper-evident tag 33, preventing clockwise function of thelock. The delivery person's key 41 only works in the clockwisedirection. Removal of the tag 33 when the box is opened allows the lockto work in either direction. In FIG. 8b, the position of cover 24 whenopen is indicated by 24 ¹, and when closed by 24 ¹¹.

[0082]FIG. 8b illustrates the interior of docking station 16 in relationto the position shown in FIG. 8b.

[0083] As indicated above, container 1 may include one or more trays 4for storing goods. Depending on the size of container 1, a maximumnumber of trays 4 (such as six trays) may be supported in the container.In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, container 1 mayinclude one or more trays which are deeper or shallower than other trays4. Also, container 1 may be used to hold goods not held in trays, forexample large objects or items on hangers (e.g., clothes which are newor have been cleaned). As will be readily apparent to those skilled inthe art, container 1 may include any possible combination of suchalternatives.

[0084] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention,receipt-acknowledged delivery systems and methods may be provided fordelivering goods to customers. Such systems and methods may be adaptedfor delivering various types of goods, including food products, valuableitems or confidential documents.

[0085] With the receipt-acknowledged delivery systems and methods, acustomer may first register with a carrier or supplier for the homedelivery of a set of goods (i.e., one or more goods, including valuableor confidential items). As part of this registration process, a uniqueidentification code may be assigned, such as the customer's telephonenumber.

[0086] If the registered customer does not have a docking station, thenthe carrier or supplier may arrange for a docking station to be providedat the customer's property. For example, a docking station may beattached to an external door of the customer's property. The door may beprovided with a hole to allow the customer to access to the lock of thedocking station from inside the property. Alternatively, docking stationmay be located on the exterior wall of the property.

[0087] The set of goods for the customer are packed in one or moresecure boxes of an appropriate size. Before delivery, each box is lockedwith a code. The code for locking the box is recorded, but not on any ofthe documentation notifying the customer of delivery. The documentation,or the parcel itself, is marked with a code, such as an order ordelivery number.

[0088] The secure box containing the set of goods is then delivered tothe customer's address. At the customer's residence, the box may belocked to the docking station. Notification of the delivery may beposted through the letterbox. Alternatively, the package could be handedto someone at the customer's home, with no need to wait for a signature.

[0089] To access the set of goods, the customer may first release thesecure box from the docking station. This may be achieved from insidethe customer's property if the appropriate docking/locking point isfitted. The customer then telephones the registration number. The codeto unlock the box is released on recognition of the customer's telephonenumber or other unique recognition code, and by the customer quoting orkeying in the order or delivery number. Simultaneously, receipt of thegoods by the customer is recorded.

[0090] Using the code, the customer may then open the box. The securebox may include a lock (such as a mechanical and/or electricalcombination lock) that can be operated with the code. After unlockingthe secure box with the code, the customer may remove the set of goods,and then close the box and lock it to the docking station. Havingunlocked the box, the feature that prevented the delivery person's keyfrom removing the box (e.g., tag 33 or another suitable tamper-evidentdevice) from the docking station is removed. Thereafter, the deliveryperson may remove the empty box during a subsequent visit to thecustomer's residence.

[0091] The receipt-acknowledged delivery systems and methods of thepresent invention may be provided with a number of features. Forexample, a docking station is permanently attached to the customer'sproperty to facilitate delivery of the security boxes or containers.Further, a range of lockable boxes in different sizes may be provided.The boxes can be made of a robust but reasonably lightweight material,such as a thermo-plastic or paper/thermo-plastic composite, and mayinclude an expanded or foam layer for cushioning the goods to be packedin the box. By way of a non-limiting example, the combined weight of thebox and its contents may comply with manual lifting legislation in mostcountries, and, for example, may not exceed approximately 25 kilograms.

[0092] Additionally, as disclosed herein, the lock of the security boxmay be a combination lock type, such as a mechanical and/or electroniclock. The lock may be operated by a code which is made available only toa customer telephoning from the delivery address. Moreover, the securitybox may include a removable tamper-evident seal, the purpose of which isto prevent anyone other than the intended recipient of the goods fromremoving the packed and locked box from the docking station.

[0093] The receipt-acknowledged delivery systems and methods of thepresent invention are similar to the above-described delivery systemsand methods that may be implemented with exemplary, wheeled container 1.However, there are some distinctions for delivery systems and methodsimplemented with container 1. For example, container 1 is sealed with atamper-evident seal, but not a lock. Therefore, there is no need for thecustomer to phone the supplier to obtain a code to unlock the container.Further, container 1 is wheeled, so it is not weight restricted. Thus,whereas the maximum weight for a container of groceries can between 30to 60 kilograms, a confidential box of the exemplaryreceipt-acknowledged delivery systems and methods may be limited to amaximum weight of 25 kilograms.

[0094] Additional delivery systems and methods may be provided,consistent with the invention. For example, if the secure box orcontainer is to be used for the return of goods (for instance, forclothes supplied on a “sale or return” basis), then the box or containercan be re-sealed, with a tamper-evident tag (supplied with the goods)and placed back on the docking station. The customer then telephones thesupplier to say that goods are being returned. In response, a driver isissued with a duplicate of the customer's key for only that shift inwhich the container with the returned goods is to be collected.

[0095] In accordance with additional embodiments of the invention,container 1 may be replaced by other tray support mechanisms orarrangements at the customer's residence. For example, FIG. 9illustrates an exemplary vertical stack support 50 which is adapted tohold one or more trays 4. The trays may be stacked when full, either byusing cover 12 to support another tray, or by a support molded into, orattached to, the tray 4 itself. This support may be in the form of ahandle or handles which when folded flat, serve to support another tray.

[0096] For delivering goods to a customer, one or more trays 4 may bepacked with goods (such as ambient, chilled or frozen food goods) asalready described and marked with customer identification. The packedtrays may then be delivered to the customer's residence and placed onvertical stack support 50, as illustrated in FIG. 9.

[0097] Other tray support mechanisms are feasible. For example, asillustrated in FIGS. 11a and 11 b, runners 170 may be provided tosupport a tray 4 in a hinged arrangement so that in one position theylie outwardly of a side wall 171 of tray 4 and operate as runnersallowing sliding motion by cooperation with runners or grooves incontainer 1. In another position, runners 170 may lie inwardly of thesides 171 of tray 4 in order to enable stacking of the trays 4. Asillustrated in FIG. 11c, this may permit the trays 4 to be stacked withgoods contained in the trays. Additionally, the position of runners 170shown in FIGS. 11a and 11 b enables two or more trays, when empty, to bestored or transported while taking up minimal space (see FIG. 11d).

[0098] In the embodiment of FIG. 11a, each runner 170 may be providedwith two or more hinge bars 172. Further, each hinge bar 172 may includea pivot 173 connecting the hinge bar 172 to the side wall 171 of tray 4.Bar 172 is connected by a second pivot (not visible) to runner 170.

[0099] For home delivery, trays 4 may be taken on a wheeled trolley tothe customer's home. The trolley itself or the stack of trays may beattached to a docking station 16, as illustrated in FIG. 10. Such anarrangement may also be particularly suited for personal pick-up fromthe shop or depot after the customer telephones in the order, or afterthe customer submits the order over the Internet.

[0100] For personal pick-up, the stack of trays may be secured to adocking station or within a secure enclosure at the store or depot. Thelocation of the goods may be identified, and a key issued to releasethem upon production of suitable identification by the customer.Alternatively, the location can be identified on the customer'sconfirmation of the order, and the goods released by swiping a card,such as the customer's loyalty card. The store or depot provides a meansfor return of the trays, lids and any insulated inserts and temperaturecontrol packs.

[0101]FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary confidential documents orsecurity box 80, consistent with embodiments of the invention. Securitybox 80 may include a lid 81, hinge or catch 82, combination lock 83 andflange 84 with slot 85 to permit locking of the box to a dockingstation.

[0102] By way of non-limiting example, FIG. 13 illustrates security box80 attached to a docking station 86, which is mounted on the outside ofthe front door of a customer's property.

[0103]FIG. 14 illustrates a sectional view of an exemplary security boxof the type of FIG. 12. As illustrated in FIG. 14, a bevelled latchingextension 90 may be provided that has square or hexagonal head 91, whichengages with a mating socking 92 on the end of a spring-loaded shaft 93.Shaft 93 may protrude through a door 94 of the customer and be operatedby a knob 95 inside the customer's property.

[0104] In accordance with embodiments of the invention, security box 80may be attached to docking station 86 such that it cannot be removed bythe delivery person's master key. This may be achieved through theinteraction of a tamper-evident tag on the box 80 and aclockwise-obstructing cam on the lock, similar to that described abovein connection with other embodiments of the invention.

[0105] The customer can release the security box 80 from the dockingstation 86 from inside the property by rotating the knob 95 on theinside of the front door 94 in a clockwise direction (this would becounter-clockwise if looking at the lock from outside the customer'sproperty). The release of the box 80 may also be performed with a key.Alternatively, the docking station could be operated from outside thecustomer's house with two keys, as described above in connection withFIG. 8a.

[0106] After the security box 80 is released from the docking station 86into the customer's custody, the customer may be required to registerreceipt of the box in order to get the code for the combination lock. Insuch a case, the customer may telephone a registration number and, uponauthentication, receive the code or combination to unlock the securitybox 80.

[0107] Consistent with embodiments of the invention, “smart” technology(such as those incorporating radio frequency identification (RFID) tags)may be used to allow tracking of the container and/or its stored items.For example, the container or its stored items may be “labeled” byattaching a tracking device or chip that is connected to an antenna, andoptionally a battery. Such devices are commercially available in manydifferent forms, ranging from a passive barcode label replacement, suchas the GemWave Folio range, to temperature monitoring and activetransmitting devices.

[0108] Various tracking, identification and other methods may beperformed. For example, in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention, asset tagging may be performed. To perform asset tagging,each component of the container, namely the container 1 itself, eachtray 4, each insulated liner 6 (being base 7 and cover 8), and/or eacheutectic pack 9 is labeled with a passive RFID tag. Once container 1 ispacked with the customer's goods (such as groceries) and sealed, thewhole container 1 may be passed through a detection “portal”, whichreads and records the identification of each component. On return, theempty container 1 is again passed through the detector, and any missingcomponents are immediately identified, and can be charged to thecustomer's credit card or account.

[0109] In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a pickingmethod may be performed. To perform picking, a customer's order may bepicked at a store or depot directly into the trays. For example, frozenor chilled food goods may be picked into the insulated liner 6 or a boxin the tray 4. A number of trays (such as 6 trays representing part of 6different orders) may be picked at a time. The rewritable tag on thetray can carry not just the customer's identification (such as name,order number, account number etc., which is essential to the picker, andwhich replaces the barcode label), but can be written with otherinformation such as the time of picking.

[0110] According to still another embodiment of the invention, tagprogramming methods may be performed. For example, the customer anddelivery details may be programmed onto a tag for container 1. Thedelivery driver or person may then scan each box to ensure correctdelivery. Also, the docking station can be tagged to identify thecustomer and address. The use of re-writable tags replaces paper barcodelabels, thereby saving cost, labor and litter.

[0111] In accordance with other embodiments of the invention,temperature recording methods may be performed. For instance, ahistorical record of temperature can be stored on the chip or tag of thecontainer to monitor and guarantee food safety over the period the foodgoods are stored in the container.

[0112] Various labeling methods may also be performed, consistent withembodiments of the invention. For example, a container or security boxmay be labeled with an active RFID tag that has its own power source.The active RFID tag may transmit a signal, allowing tracking of the box,and acting as an anti-theft measure.

[0113] In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, routemonitoring methods may be performed. For example, when goods aretransported through a transport system (such as a hub and spoketransport system), the re-writable tag on a container or security boxcan be used to record progress and timings of the container or boxthrough the transport system. Additionally, an active tag on thedelivery vehicle itself can help to track the vehicle, and also throughglobal satellite positioning, to confirm correct delivery locations andto plan routes efficiently.

[0114] Consistent with other embodiments of the invention, ultra-chillor chilling methods may be performed for the delivery of foodstuffs. Forexample, frozen food order by a customer can be placed in a chilled foodinsulated insert, together with chill packs with a phase changetemperature at or about 0° C. During its transit from the supplier tothe customer, the temperature of the food can increase to about 0° C.,and then be held at that temperature. Such an arrangement isparticularly suited to food goods which the customer wishes to receivechilled, but which are more conveniently stored frozen by the supplier.Examples of such food goods include fish, ready meals, cakes, etc.

[0115] Systems and methods consistent with the embodiments of thepresent invention enable the provision of goods, including but notrestricted to groceries, delivered direct to the consumer, at pricescomparable with, and capable of being genuinely lower than, generalsupermarket prices. For example, embodiments of the inventionsignificantly reduce the overall supply chain by removing the “bricksand mortar” supermarket with its associated storage and display costs.

[0116] In accordance with embodiments of the invention, various pricingmethods may be performed. For example, customers can be invited to “buyforward”, committing today to buy goods (and paying for such goodstoday), for delivery up to a few weeks in the future. The planning andlogistical advantage this gives to the manufacturer and retailer canpermit deep price cuts possible without reducing profit margin. It alsoremoves from manufacturers the risk of being penalized by supermarketcustomers for supplying discounted goods to a smaller customer (the homedelivery retailer). Further, the manufacturer's supply prices may remainin line with the buying power of the retailer customer, and the homedelivery retailer can genuinely afford to offer lower retail pricesbecause of efficiencies in the supply chain.

[0117] As illustrated in the exemplary graph of FIG. 17 (for exampleonly), the lowest sustainable retail prices from a basic pricesupermarket may be set at 100%. A cut-price warehouse operation might beable to sustain 98%, but only by offering a mix of economy own-label andspecial offers of short-life and special purchase goods. An averagequality mainstream supermarket would probably run at about 105% andbetter quality supermarkets up to about 115%. By permitting customers toorder in advance, economies of 15% and more are obtainable, and allow atypical home delivery container to be delivered free without impactingon the normal grocery margin.

[0118] Additionally, interactive display and selling techniques may beprovided in connection with, for example, customers on the Internet. Forexample, consistent with an embodiment of the invention, a conversionprocess (“Why did you not buy?”) may be performed that is designed toconvert waverers into actual customers. Additionally, a bargainingprocess (“How much would you be prepared to pay for this item?”) may beperformed to gather information on how an offer could be made moreappealing to customers.

[0119] In accordance with other embodiments of the invention,interactive pricing methods may be performed. Such methods may beimplemented to reintroduce the practice of bargaining into the otherwisefixed price regime of the modern supermarket. The interactive pricingmethods may be implemented with respect to customers that place ordersfor goods on-line. For instance, a merchant or deliverer may operate aWeb site that is accessible through the Internet by customers. Customersoperating a browser on their personal computer, laptop or handhelddevice (such as a mobile phone or personal digital assistant (PDA)), maynavigate the Web site and place orders for goods on-line. A deliveryorder from a customer may include various information, including the setof goods to be delivered and a delivery address (such as a home orbusiness address of the customer). The interactive pricing methods ofthe present invention may be implemented as part of the customer'sshopping experience on-line, such as during the selection of goods orduring checkout or submission of the final order.

[0120] For example, a variable delivery charge method may be provided inwhich the delivery charge for a customer's order is adjusted accordingto a number of factors (such as the quantity of goods, the size of thegoods, the location of customer's residence, etc.). The charge for adelivery may be displayed on a screen as the customer compiles ashopping list on-line. Goods which are efficient to deliver with acontainer by virtue of being compact in relation to their price, orundemanding in their temperature requirements, may trigger a reductionin the delivery charge as they are added to the shopping cart. Goodswhich have the opposite characteristics may be neutral in their effecton the delivery charge, or may even increase it.

[0121] Additionally, a rollover cashback method may be provided inaccordance with embodiments of the invention. For instance, as acustomer's shopping list or cart is compiled on-line, the accumulatedcashback is displayed on the customer's screen, representing money whichcan be set against the next order made by the customer.

[0122] The above-described pricing methods may be implemented such thatany price reductions are visible before the customer passes through thecheckout, and can be varied by the customer to achieve maximumadvantage.

[0123] Systems and methods consistent with embodiments of the inventionmay be adapted to provide additional features. For example, system andmethods may be provided to facilitate the virtual trial of goods, suchas clothes, by the customer before deciding whether to buy. Usingexisting computer-aided design technology, the customer can enter his orher physical measurements, optionally with a photograph. Selecting agarment from the choice displayed on the supplier's Web site can give avisual demonstration of the fit and appearance of the garment asactually worn by the customer.

[0124] Embodiments of the invention can address the issues of unattendeddelivery and receipt acknowledgement of valuable or important items,which are too bulky to pass through the letterbox of most houses.Examples include legal documents, or other packages which are normallybe delivered by recorded delivery, with the recipient's signature beingrequired as proof of delivery.

[0125] As indicated above, systems and method consistent withembodiments of the invention can be implemented to significantly reducethe overall supply chain process and, therefore, the costs associatedwith operating a traditional supply chain. For example, conventionalsupply chains include costs associated with maintaining “bricks andmortar” store location(s), as well as extra delivery, storage andstockroom costs. Typically, a supply chain for supermarket homedeliveries includes the following steps: arrival of goods tomanufacture; stored goods picked for manufacture; production; finishedgoods; storage of finished goods; goods ready for dispatch; dispatchedgoods to depot; delivery of goods from depot to retail; retail depotpicked goods ready to dispatch to store; store receives goods tostockroom; stockroom to retail display; displayed goods picked for homeshopping; picked goods stored in chiller or freezer until delivery vanavailable; home shopping goods to van; and van delivery to home. Suchsupply chains are inefficient and include extra costs.

[0126] Consistent with embodiments of the present invention, systems andmethods may be provided to implement efficient supply chains fordelivery goods to customers. FIGS. 15a and 15 b illustrate exemplaryflowcharts of supply chain delivery methods that may be implementedusing a container, such as container 1 of FIG. 1. Such methods may beperformed to reduce the distribution and overall supply chain.

[0127] To implement the exemplary methods of FIGS. 15a and 15 b, a huband zone distribution system may used with a central “hub” or depotwhere goods are picked and placed into containers, and a number of“zones” or areas are defined to facilitate delivery to customers. Forexample, a large wholesaler or a consortium of manufacturers may delivertheir products to a central depot, or depots, where goods are pickedinto container(s) according to individual customers' orders. The sealedcontainers may then be transported to “zone” depots, from where they arefinally delivered to each customer's home. The ability to maintain foodat a variety of appropriate temperatures allows ample time fornationwide distribution from a very limited number of depots.

[0128] Alternatively, consistent with embodiments of the invention, aretailer or supermarket based in a country (other than the country wherethis distribution is to be implemented) may use the containers anddistribution systems described to enter a new market, gaining directcontact with the consumer and using existing picking and distributionfacilities, without the capital cost of buying or building local retailstores.

[0129] Referring to FIG. 15a, an exemplary flowchart is provided of asupply chain method in which goods are delivered to the homes ofcustomers using, for example, a container of the type of FIG. 1. Asillustrated in FIG. 15a, steps S1-S7 relate to steps performed by thesupplier(s) or manufacturer(s) of the goods, including the dispatch ofthe goods to one or more distribution center hub(s). From steps S8 toS10 the distribution chain, and costs associated with it, are greatlyreduced. In particular, based on orders from customers, the goods arepicked at a central depot, or depots, and placed into container(s) (stepS8). Then, the sealed containers are dispatched and transported to theappropriate “zone” depot or store (step S9), from where they are finallydelivered to each customers' home (step S10).

[0130]FIG. 15b illustrates another exemplary flowchart of a supply chainmethod. The exemplary method of FIG. 15b may be used to deliver goods tohomes of customers where the goods have been ordered in advance bycustomers. As illustrated in FIG. 15b, steps S20-S24 are similar to thesteps S1-S7 of FIG. 15b except, for example, the finished goods do notneed to be stored since orders are placed in advance by customers.Therefore, the goods may be dispatched directly to the distributioncenter hub or hubs based on the advanced orders requested by customers.From steps S25 to S27 the distribution chain, and costs associated withit, are also greatly reduced. In particular, based on orders fromcustomers, the goods are picked at a central depot, or depots, andplaced into container(s) (step S25). Then, the sealed containers aredispatched and transported to the appropriate “zone” depot or store(step S26), from where they are finally delivered to each customer'shome (step S27).

[0131] Each of the zone depots may be assigned to different deliveryregions or groups of customers. Further, any combination of theabove-described features may be incorporated in the exemplary methods ofFIGS. 15a and 15 b. For example, a container of the type of FIG. 1 maybe used to deliver goods. Further, a tamper-evident tag or seal may beprovided with the container before delivery is made to a customer.Alternatively, a security box or container as disclosed herein may beutilized.

[0132] The invention is not limited to the particulars of theembodiments disclosed herein. Other embodiments of the invention will beapparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of thespecification and practice of the systems and methods disclosed herein.Further, individual features of each of the disclosed embodiments may becombined or added to the features of other embodiments of the presentinvention. In addition, the steps of the disclosed methods herein may becombined or modified without departing from the spirit of the inventionclaimed herein. Accordingly, it is intended that the specification andexamples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spiritof the invention being indicated by the following claims.

[0133] The present application claims priority to GB Patent ApplicationNo. 0023563.0 (filed Sep. 25, 2000), GB Patent Application No. 0028850.6(filed Nov. 27, 2000) and GB Patent Application No. 0112015.3 (filed May17, 2001), the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein byreference to their entireties.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of delivering goods to customers, comprising: receiving a delivery order from a customer for the delivery of a set of goods, the delivery order including a delivery address for the customer; packing the set of goods in a container; transporting the container with the packed goods to the delivery address of the customer; and locking the container to a docking station provided at the delivery address of the customer.
 2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising: providing a unique identification code to the customer when the customer registers with a supplier of the goods.
 3. A method according to claim 1, further comprising: permanently attaching the docking station at the delivery address of the customer to provide a docking and locking location for the container.
 4. A method according to claim 1, further comprising: securing the container with a tamper-evident seal after packing the goods in the container and before transporting the container to the delivery address of the customer.
 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of locking includes locking the container to the docking station with a master key.
 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the container is locked to the docking station such that it cannot be unlocked thereafter by the master key.
 7. A method according to claim 5, wherein the container is locked to the docking station such that it cannot be unlocked thereafter by a master key until it has been unlocked by a specific key for the docking station.
 8. A method according to claim 1, further comprising: providing a specific key for the docking station to the customer.
 9. A method according to claim 1, further comprising: delivering a specific key for the docking station to the customer at the time of transporting the container to the delivery address.
 10. A method according to claim 1, further comprising: notifying the customer of a unique code for unlocking a lock of the container.
 11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of receiving a delivery order includes scheduling the delivery of the set of goods to the delivery address of the customer at a predetermined time in the future.
 12. A method of providing receipt-acknowledged delivery of goods, comprising: providing a docking station at a residence of a customer; notifying the customer of a unique identification code; packing a set of goods in an security box, the security box including a lock; transporting the security box to the residence of the customer; locking the security box to the docking station at the residence of the customer; in response to receiving the unique identification code from the customer, providing the customer with a code to unlock the lock of the security box; and recording receipt of the delivery of goods to the customer.
 13. A method according to claim 12, further comprising: providing the security box with a tamper-evident tag before the security box is transported to the residence of the customer.
 14. A method according to claim 12, wherein the unique identification code comprises a telephone number of the customer.
 15. A method according to claim 12, wherein the step of providing a docking station includes attaching the docking station to an external door of a residence of the customer, the external door being provided with a hole to allow access to a lock of the security box.
 16. A method according to claim 12, wherein the step of providing includes attaching the docking station on an exterior wall of the residence of the customer.
 17. A system for delivering goods to the residences of customers, the system comprising: at least one container, each container comprising a plurality of trays for storing goods ordered by customers; a docking station permanently attached to the residence of each customer, wherein each container includes a locking device to permit the container to be locked to the docking station by a delivery person; at least one distribution hub where goods are received and packed into containers according to delivery orders placed by customers; and at least one zone depot where packed containers are received and then delivered to the residences of customers.
 18. A hub and zone distribution method for delivering groceries to customers, comprising: delivering food products to at least one distribution hub; packing, at each distribution hub, a set of food products into containers according to delivery orders for customers; transporting the packed containers to a plurality of zone depots; and receiving, at one of the zone depots, the transported containers and, thereafter, delivering the containers to the residence of customers in accordance with the delivery orders.
 19. A method according to claim 18, further comprising: providing a docking station at the residence of each customer; and upon delivery of a packed container at the residence of the customer, locking the container at the docking station.
 20. A method according to claim 18, wherein the step of packing includes providing the container with a tamper-evident tag before the container is delivered to the residence of the customer. 